وہ اپنے دوست کو خط لکھ رہا ہے۔ – Woh apne dost ko khat likh raha hai. – वह अपने दोस्त को पत्र लिख रहा है।

English: He is writing a letter to his friend.

Grammar Focus:

Tense: Present Continuous – used for actions happening right now, temporary actions, or ongoing processes around the present time.

Structure: Subject + to be verb (is/are/am) + Verb-ing + Article + Object + Prepositional Phrase (to + Possessive + Noun).

Urdu Insight: In Urdu, "لکھ رہا ہے" (likh raha hai) combines the present participle "لکھ رہا" (likh raha, writing) with "ہے" (hai), the third-person singular masculine form of "ہونا" (hona, to be). The phrase "اپنے دوست کو" (apne dost ko) uses "کو" (ko, to) for the indirect object, and "خط" (khat, letter) is the direct object. For feminine subjects, it becomes "لکھ رہی ہے" (likh rahi hai). For plural, "لکھ رہے ہیں" (likh rahay hain).

Usage Tips: This structure is ideal for describing current activities, especially communication or creative tasks in progress.

Use case Sentences:

He is writing a letter to his friend about the trip.

She is writing a letter to her family from abroad.

They are writing letters to their pen pals.

Synonyms / Alternatives:

He is composing a letter to his friend.

He is drafting a note to his friend.

He is penning a message to his friend.

Common Mistake:

❌ He writing a letter to his friend. (Incorrect omission of "is.")

✅ He is writing a letter to his friend. (Correct with "is" for third-person singular.)

Short Explanation:

"وہ اپنے دوست کو خط لکھ رہا ہے" (woh apne dost ko khat likh raha hai) means the subject is currently engaged in the act of composing a written message for a close acquaintance.

Subject ("وہ" - woh): This refers to "he," the person performing the ongoing action. It is the main actor in the sentence, identifying who is doing the writing.

Verb ("لکھ رہا ہے" - likh raha hai): This is the main action word, meaning "is writing." It indicates the action is in progress, using the present continuous form to show immediacy or temporary activity. In Urdu, it agrees with the subject's gender and number.

Object ("خط" - khat): This is the direct object, meaning "letter," specifying what is being written. It is the tangible item created by the action.

Prepositional Phrase ("اپنے دوست کو" - apne dost ko): This indicates the recipient, meaning "to his friend." "اپنے" (apne, his own) is a possessive pronoun agreeing with the subject, "دوست" (dost, friend) is the noun, and "کو" (ko) marks the indirect object for direction or purpose.

This sentence overall conveys a personal, ongoing communication effort.

Practice Exercise:

1. He ___ writing a letter to his sister. (is)

Correct Answer: He is writing a letter to his sister.

2. They ___ writing letters to their grandparents. (are)

Correct Answer: They are writing letters to their grandparents.

3. Yesterday, she ___ writing a postcard. (was)

Correct Answer: Yesterday, she was writing a postcard.